Design and implementation of oxygenation part of the heart lung machine using Arduino

Abstract

The blood oxygenation component is regarded as a critical element of the open heart and lung system during open heart surgery. This is due to the fact that both the heart and lungs lose their fundamental functions during such procedures. Consequently, an alternative device or component is required to compensate for and replace these functions, thereby fulfilling several essential roles:

The device substitutes for the heart and lung functions during the operation, ensuring the circulation of blood between the heart and the body's organs to prevent clotting in the absence of a circulation mechanism. It regulates the volume of blood being pumped to the patient throughout the surgical procedure, with a pumping rate of 2.4 liters per minute for adults and 1.2 liters per minute for newborns.

Additionally, it facilitates the oxygenation of blood, which typically occurs through the lungs; however, during this type of surgery, lung function is compromised. The device also manages the temperature of the blood, maintaining it below 30 degrees Celsius. In this project, we have developed a system that encompasses all these functions, including the regulation of blood and body temperature. The device effectively lowers blood temperature to below 30 degrees Celsius, thereby diminishing the metabolic activity of the body's organs and subsequently reducing their oxygen requirements during the surgical procedure.