SYNTACTIC-SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE ADVERBIAL MODIFIER OF MANNER IN PERSIAN

सार

In modern linguistics, the integrated study of linguistic units in terms of form and content, structure and semantics, as well as their functions in speech, constitutes one of the major theoretical directions. In particular, the structural-semantic investigation of secondary sentence constituents that occupy a specific syntactic position in sentence structure and serve to express various characteristics of events and situations makes it possible to gain a deeper understanding of the internal grammatical regularities of language. Among such syntactic units, the adverbial modifier, and especially the adverbial modifier of manner, which indicates how, by what means, or in what state an action or situation is realized, occupies a special place.

Persian, as a language with rich grammatical and semantic resources, is characterized by the expression of manner through a variety of lexical, morphological, and syntactic means. In Persian, linguistic devices that convey the method, quality, degree, subjective evaluation, and processual characteristics of an action are not limited to adverbs alone. These semantic relations may also be expressed by adjectives, nouns and nominal phrases, prepositional constructions, ezafe constructions, various verb forms, imitative and descriptive units, as well as certain predicative constructions. This circumstance necessitates a comprehensive investigation of the mechanisms by which adverbial modifiers of manner are formed and realized in Persian.